This course provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of economic ideas, beginning with the early schools such as the Physiocrats and Mercantilists, through Classical and Neo-classical economics, to Marxian, Keynesian, Monetarist, and Rational Expectations schools. It examines the theoretical debates and policy prescriptions of each school, their historical relevance, and their applicability to the contemporary challenges of emerging and developing economies. Special emphasis is placed on connecting the evolution of economic thought to the development experience of Nigeria and Africa at large.