This course examines the fundamental concepts, principles, standards, and regulatory frameworks governing environmental protection in Nigeria and internationally. It explores federal environmental legislation, state environmental laws and regulations, and legal measures relating to plant and animal quarantine. The course analyses environmental regulatory institutions, compliance requirements, enforcement mechanisms, and the legal consequences of environmental violations, including applicable sanctions. It also undertakes a comparative study of environmental laws and regulatory practices in selected developed countries, including the United States and Canada, to identify relevant approaches to environmental governance. Furthermore, the course examines international environmental laws, treaties, and conventions, highlighting their influence on environmental protection and their relevance to Nigeria's domestic legal framework.