The course provides an opportunity for students to acquire a detailed knowledge and understanding of the Pattern of external relations in East and Central Africa. Such relations cover several areas. These involve the handling of ethnic crises at both internal and trans-border levels, which often surface in form of military mutinies and rebel movements. Also, the problem of refugees and declining economy is critical in the relations of states in this region with neighbouring and developed nations. In looking at the pattern of relations among states in these regions, specialists in international relations have engaged in analysis of ethnic crises, crisis management, refugee problem, the role of international organisations and the level of involvement of external forces.